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on this image for an audio messageI. Heart Anatomy:
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I. Heart Anatomy:
A. Layers of the Heart Wall: three layers
1) Epicardium: superficial, = visceral layer of serous pericardium. Provides
physical protection
2) Myocardium: middle layer of cardiac muscle.Layer that actually provides the
contraction force to move blood.
3) Endocardium: lines the chambers and covers the valves to provide a smooth
surface for blood flow.
B. Heart Chambers: two atria and two ventricles
1) Atria: the smaller, superior chambers.
They are receiving chambers.
They are thin-walled, having a thin myocardium.
Fill with blood and move it to ventricles.
Interatrial septum – separates the atria.
2) Ventricles: larger, inferior chambers.
They discharge blood into arteries.
They have a much thicker myocardium.
Left ventricle larger then right as it must pump blood through body while right
ventricle only pumps blood through lungs.
Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs.
Interventricular septum – separates them.
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C. Heart Valves: four
Separate the chambers and the ventricles from arteries.
Prevent backflow.
They open and close in response to differences in blood
pressure on either side of the valves.
1) Atrioventricular (AV) Valves:
They are between each atrium and the ventricle below.
Prevent backflow into the atria as the ventricles contract.
a) Tricuspid Valve: between right atrium and right ventricle.
b) Bicuspid Valve: on the left side. (Mitral valve)
2) Semilunar Valves: each has three cusps
a) Aortic – between aorta and left ventricle
b) Pulmonary – between pulmonary trunk
and right ventricle.
II. Flow of Blood
A Through the Heart chambers
Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena Cava carry low oxygen/high carbon dioxide
blood to....
Right Atrium which moves blood through the....
Tricuspid Valve (right atrioventricular valve) which prevents back flow from the....
Right Ventricle which moves blood through the....
Pulmonary SemilunarValve which prevents back flow from the....
Pulmonary Trunk to the...
Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries to.....
Lungs where gas exchange (Oxygen is picked up and CO2 dumped) occurs and blood flows to...
Right and Left Pulmonary Veins to...
Left Atrium which moves blood through the....
Bicuspid or Mitral valve (left atrioventricular valve) which prevents back flow
from the....
Left Ventricle which moves blood through the....
Aortic Semilunar Valve which prevents back flow from the....
Aorta
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A
web activity
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B the Body – Systemic circuit
NOTE: There is a list of major arteries and veins of the body in the objectives
for next section.
C Flow of blood within cardiac tissue or myocardium.(Coronary Circulation)
The Right and Left Coronary Arteries branch from the base of the Aorta and pass blood into cardiac muscle tissue..
The Cardiac or Coronary Veins drain the heart tissue and empty into the right
atrium.
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Professor Thomas M. Lancraft
Human Anatomy Courses
at St. Petersburg College
St. Petersburg/Gibbs Campus
11/2005